Acute Effect Of High-Intensity Intermitten Exercise (Hiie) On Cholesterol Levels And Hypertension In Individuals With A Sedentary Lifestyle
Keywords:
High-intensity intermittent exercise, cholesterol, blood pressure, sedentary lifestyle
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for elevated cholesterol levels and blood pressure, which can lead to cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the acute effects of High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise (HIIE) on cholesterol levels and blood pressure in individuals with a sedentary lifestyle. This experimental study employed a controlled pre-test and post-test group design. Twenty-two men with sedentary lifestyles were selected via purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and subsequently divided into a control group (K1) and an HIIE group (K2). The HIIE group performed treadmill running at 80–90% of their maximum capacity over three sessions. Cholesterol levels and blood pressure were measured prior to the intervention and three hours after the final exercise session. Data were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests and independent-sample t-tests, with a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed that the HIIE group experienced a significant decrease in total cholesterol (p=0.001) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (p=0.002), as well as a significant increase in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (p=0.006). Systolic blood pressure also decreased significantly following the HIIE intervention (p=0.002), whereas diastolic blood pressure showed no significant change (p=0.536). Comparisons between groups revealed significant differences in lipid profiles and systolic blood pressure (p<0.05). In conclusion, HIIE has an acute effect on improving lipid profiles and lowering systolic blood pressure in individuals with a sedentary lifestyle
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References
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Dzakiyyah, D. M. N., Widiyanto, W., Sutapa, P., Susanto, N., Sipayung, A. yesaya, Kurnaz, M., Fauziah, D. N., & Kurniawan, R. (2025). TRX vs body weight training. Impact on arm muscle endurance of pencak silat athletes. Fizjoterapia Polska, 25(3), 125–131. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.56984/8ZG7D19BUBS
Guimarães, G. V., Ciolac, E. G., Carvalho, V. O., D’Avila, V. M., Bortolotto, L. A., & Bocchi, E. A. (2010). Effects of continuous vs. interval exercise training on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in treated hypertension. Hypertension Research, 33(6), 627–632.
Gungor, Z. B. (2018). Vascular Inflammation and genetic predisposition as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. In Cholesterol-Good, Bad and the Heart. IntechOpen.
Hariadi, H., Ahkmad, I., Ginting, A., Usman, K., Bin Syed Ali, S. K., & Kurniawan, R. (2026). Smartwatch-Based Multidimensional Training Program to Improve Holistic Health Outcomes in Sedentary Adults. Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ), 10(1 SE-Original article), 276–284. https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v10i1.2746
Heydari, M., Boutcher, Y. N., & Boutcher, S. H. (2013). The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on cardiovascular response to mental and physical challenge. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 87(2), 141–146. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.11.013
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Ilham, I., Putra, R. A., Orhan, B. E., Prasetyo, T., Effendi, R., Kurniawan, R., & Geantă, V. A. (2025). The Effects of Ladder Drill and Plyometric Training on Agility in Futsal Players Considering Body Mass Index. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 25(4 SE-Original Scientific Articles), 886–895. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.4.17
Ilham, I., Sari, A. P., Bafirman, B., Rifki, M. S., Alnedral, A., Welis, W., Umar, U., Kurniawan, R., Putra, R. A., Prasetyo, T., Car, B., Pavlovic, R., Makadada, F. A., Perdana, G. S., Lolowang, D. M., Piri, N., Baan, A. B., & Jimenez, J. V. G. (2024). The effect of plyometric training (hurddlejumps), body weight training (lunges) and speed on increasing leg muscle explosive power of futsal players: a factorial experimental. Retos, 59, 497–508. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.108147
Indika, P. M., Kurniawan, R., Bahtra, R., & Yuniarti, E. (2023). The Effect of Administration of Honey on Maximal Physical Activity in Malondialdehyd (Mda) Levels of Male Mice (Mus musculus L.). Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Biology, Science and Education (IcoBioSE 2021), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-166-1_25
Istiqamah, D. I., Fitria Nugraha Aini, & Sulistyowati, E. (2021). The Effects of Physical Activity Levels on Hypertension Prevalence in Communities in Malang Regency. Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas, 9(1), 1–9.
Kokkinos, P. F., Giannelou, A., Manolis, A., & Pittaras, A. (2009). Physical activity in the prevention and management of high blood pressure. Hellenic J Cardiol, 50(1), 52–59.
Mattioni Maturana, F., Martus, P., Zipfel, S., & NIEß, A. M. (2021). Effectiveness of HIIE versus MICT in Improving Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Health and Disease: A Meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 53(3), 559–573. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002506
Maturana, F. M., Martus, P., Zipfel, S., & NIE, A. M. (2021). Effectiveness of HIIE versus MICT in improving cardiometabolic risk factors in health and disease: a meta-analysis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 53(3), 559–573.
Mutmainnah, I., Rotty, L. W. A., Frans, E., & Wantania, N. (2022). Pengaruh Aktivitas Fisik terhadap Profil Lipid Penderita Penyakit Jantung Koroner. E-CliniC, 11(1), 72–79.
Nejati, M., Dehghan, P., Khani, M., & Sarbakhsh, P. (2022). The effect of Tribulus terrestris supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and performance of recreational runners: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Trials, 23(1), 689. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06630-0
Ozemek, C., Tiwari, S., Sabbahi, A., Carbone, S., & Lavie, C. J. (2020). Impact of therapeutic lifestyle changes in resistant hypertension. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 63(1), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2019.11.012
Padmapriya, C., Pushkarapriya, S., Shanmugapriya, N., Sushmitha, K. P., Karthik, S., & Rajanandh, M. G. (2020). Effect of sertraline in patients with newly diagnosed depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypertension: An observational study from south India. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(5), 1065–1068. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.059
Palazón-Bru, A., Hernández-Lozano, D., & Gil-Guillén, V. F. (2021). Which physical exercise interventions increase HDL-cholesterol levels? A systematic review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Sports Medicine, 51, 243–253.
Prasetyo, T., Kurniawan, R., Putra, R. A., & Candra, O. (2024). The Role of Sports in Preventing and Overcoming Problems During the Transition Period Case Study of Adolescents in Indonesia: Descriptive Study. Social Science and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), 8(07), 4477–4489. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18535/sshj.v8i07.1213
Prasetyo, T., Putra, R. A., Kurniawan, R., & Nurdin, R. F. (2025). The Impact of Free Nutritional Meal Program on Students’ Physical Fitness and Mental Health: A Descriptive Study. American Journal of Medical Education, 1(3), 48–56. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mededu.20250103.13
Rinaldi, R., Argantos, A., Syahrastani, S., Zulbahri, Z., & Kurniawan, R. (2025). Evaluation of the Achievement Development Program of Swimming Athletes of the Indonesian Aquatic Federation ( IAF ) Solok City. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(3), 26–33. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10373
Sari, A. P., Bafirman, Rifki, M. S., Syafrianto, D., & Kurniawan, R. (2023). The impact of maumere gymnastics on blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients: A promising non-pharmacological intervention. Journal Sport Area, 8(3), 328–339. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2023.vol8(3).11727
Sari, A. P., Kurniawan, R., Indika, P. M., Wulan, T. S., Syafrianto, D., & Sari, D. N. (2023). Exploring the impact of aerobic gymnastics on reducing blood: with hypertension medications vs without hypertension medications. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(12), 3253–3263. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2023.12372
Selviani, I., Sari, A. P., Okilanda, A., Kurniawan, R., & Ismaningsih, I. (2023). Pemberian Thumb Exercise Sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Nyeri Pada Kondisi De Qeurvain Syndrome. Wahana Dedikasi: Jurnal PkM Ilmu Kependidikan, 6(2), 468–474. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31851/dedikasi.v3i2.5330
Selviani, I., Welis, W., Syafrianto, D., Okilanda, A., Sari, A. P., Resmana, R., Kurniawan, R., & Crisari, S. (2024). Effectiveness of Use of Kinesiotapping in the Condition of Pain Plantar Fasciitis. Community Practitioner, 21(2), 170–175. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10731288
Tada, H., Nomura, A., Nohara, A., Usui, S., Sakata, K., Hayashi, K., Fujino, N., Takamura, M., & Kawashiri, M. (2023). Attainment of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol treatment target and prognosis of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis, 371, 61–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.03.005
Windiastoni, Y. H., & Haritsah, N. F. (2019). Pengaruh High Intensity Interval Training Terhadap Cardiorespiratory Pada Remaja. Interest : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 8(2), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.37341/interest.v8i2.172
Xu, C. (2021). The Elabela in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and preeclampsia: an update. Journal of Hypertension, 39(1), 12–22.
Yosnengsih, Purwanto, B., Devi, A. I., Ilmi, S. B. Z., Karimullah, A., Syamsudin, F., Ayubi, N., Callixte, C., Indika, P. M., & Herawati, L. (2023). Single Bout High Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) Prevents Adiponectin Reduction in Sedentary Overweight Women. Sport Mont, 21(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.230201
Dorneles, G. P., da Silva, I. R. V., Korb, A., Bertoldi, K., Siqueira, I. R., Elsner, V. R., Romão, P. R. T., & Peres, A. (2016). High intensity interval exercise enhances the global HDAC activity in PBMC and anti-inflammatory cytokines of overweight-obese subjects. Obesity Medicine, 2, 25–30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obmed.2016.05.004
Dzakiyyah, D. M. N., Widiyanto, W., Sutapa, P., Susanto, N., Sipayung, A. yesaya, Kurnaz, M., Fauziah, D. N., & Kurniawan, R. (2025). TRX vs body weight training. Impact on arm muscle endurance of pencak silat athletes. Fizjoterapia Polska, 25(3), 125–131. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.56984/8ZG7D19BUBS
Guimarães, G. V., Ciolac, E. G., Carvalho, V. O., D’Avila, V. M., Bortolotto, L. A., & Bocchi, E. A. (2010). Effects of continuous vs. interval exercise training on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in treated hypertension. Hypertension Research, 33(6), 627–632.
Gungor, Z. B. (2018). Vascular Inflammation and genetic predisposition as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. In Cholesterol-Good, Bad and the Heart. IntechOpen.
Hariadi, H., Ahkmad, I., Ginting, A., Usman, K., Bin Syed Ali, S. K., & Kurniawan, R. (2026). Smartwatch-Based Multidimensional Training Program to Improve Holistic Health Outcomes in Sedentary Adults. Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ), 10(1 SE-Original article), 276–284. https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v10i1.2746
Heydari, M., Boutcher, Y. N., & Boutcher, S. H. (2013). The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on cardiovascular response to mental and physical challenge. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 87(2), 141–146. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.11.013
Iellamo, F., Caminiti, G., Montano, M., Manzi, V., Franchini, A., Mancuso, A., & Volterrani, M. (2021). Prolonged Post-Exercise Hypotension: Effects of Different Exercise Modalities and Training Statuses in Elderly Patients with Hypertension. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063229
Ilham, I., Agus, A., Tomoliyus, T., Sugiyanto, F. X., Tirtawirya, D., Lumintuarso, R., Berhimpong Willner, M., Putra Alsyifa, R., Kurniawan, R., Septri, S., Effendi, R., Ayubi, N., Alben Suud Cahyo, A., Perdana Sukma, G., Rifki Sazeli, M., Ndayisenga, J., Sibomana, A., & Jean-Berchmans, B. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Adaptations Progress in VO2max , Leg Power , and Agility among Male and Female Sports Science Students Análisis Comparativo del Progreso de las Adaptaciones en VO2max , Potencia de Piernas y Agilidad entre Estudiantes Masculinos y. Retos, 57, 245–257. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.107053
Ilham, I., Putra, R. A., Orhan, B. E., Nusri, A., Zulaini, Z., Kurniawan, R., Ayubi, N., & Geantă, V. A. (2025). The Effect of a Six-Week Intervention Using Small-Sided Games (SSG), Ladder Drill, and Dynamic Balance on Agility of Young Futsal Players. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 25(5 SE-Original Scientific Articles), 1237–1247. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.5.23
Ilham, I., Putra, R. A., Orhan, B. E., Prasetyo, T., Effendi, R., Kurniawan, R., & Geantă, V. A. (2025). The Effects of Ladder Drill and Plyometric Training on Agility in Futsal Players Considering Body Mass Index. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 25(4 SE-Original Scientific Articles), 886–895. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.4.17
Ilham, I., Sari, A. P., Bafirman, B., Rifki, M. S., Alnedral, A., Welis, W., Umar, U., Kurniawan, R., Putra, R. A., Prasetyo, T., Car, B., Pavlovic, R., Makadada, F. A., Perdana, G. S., Lolowang, D. M., Piri, N., Baan, A. B., & Jimenez, J. V. G. (2024). The effect of plyometric training (hurddlejumps), body weight training (lunges) and speed on increasing leg muscle explosive power of futsal players: a factorial experimental. Retos, 59, 497–508. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.108147
Indika, P. M., Kurniawan, R., Bahtra, R., & Yuniarti, E. (2023). The Effect of Administration of Honey on Maximal Physical Activity in Malondialdehyd (Mda) Levels of Male Mice (Mus musculus L.). Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Biology, Science and Education (IcoBioSE 2021), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-166-1_25
Istiqamah, D. I., Fitria Nugraha Aini, & Sulistyowati, E. (2021). The Effects of Physical Activity Levels on Hypertension Prevalence in Communities in Malang Regency. Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas, 9(1), 1–9.
Kokkinos, P. F., Giannelou, A., Manolis, A., & Pittaras, A. (2009). Physical activity in the prevention and management of high blood pressure. Hellenic J Cardiol, 50(1), 52–59.
Mattioni Maturana, F., Martus, P., Zipfel, S., & NIEß, A. M. (2021). Effectiveness of HIIE versus MICT in Improving Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Health and Disease: A Meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 53(3), 559–573. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002506
Maturana, F. M., Martus, P., Zipfel, S., & NIE, A. M. (2021). Effectiveness of HIIE versus MICT in improving cardiometabolic risk factors in health and disease: a meta-analysis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 53(3), 559–573.
Mutmainnah, I., Rotty, L. W. A., Frans, E., & Wantania, N. (2022). Pengaruh Aktivitas Fisik terhadap Profil Lipid Penderita Penyakit Jantung Koroner. E-CliniC, 11(1), 72–79.
Nejati, M., Dehghan, P., Khani, M., & Sarbakhsh, P. (2022). The effect of Tribulus terrestris supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and performance of recreational runners: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Trials, 23(1), 689. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06630-0
Ozemek, C., Tiwari, S., Sabbahi, A., Carbone, S., & Lavie, C. J. (2020). Impact of therapeutic lifestyle changes in resistant hypertension. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 63(1), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2019.11.012
Padmapriya, C., Pushkarapriya, S., Shanmugapriya, N., Sushmitha, K. P., Karthik, S., & Rajanandh, M. G. (2020). Effect of sertraline in patients with newly diagnosed depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypertension: An observational study from south India. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(5), 1065–1068. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.059
Palazón-Bru, A., Hernández-Lozano, D., & Gil-Guillén, V. F. (2021). Which physical exercise interventions increase HDL-cholesterol levels? A systematic review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Sports Medicine, 51, 243–253.
Prasetyo, T., Kurniawan, R., Putra, R. A., & Candra, O. (2024). The Role of Sports in Preventing and Overcoming Problems During the Transition Period Case Study of Adolescents in Indonesia: Descriptive Study. Social Science and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), 8(07), 4477–4489. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18535/sshj.v8i07.1213
Prasetyo, T., Putra, R. A., Kurniawan, R., & Nurdin, R. F. (2025). The Impact of Free Nutritional Meal Program on Students’ Physical Fitness and Mental Health: A Descriptive Study. American Journal of Medical Education, 1(3), 48–56. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mededu.20250103.13
Rinaldi, R., Argantos, A., Syahrastani, S., Zulbahri, Z., & Kurniawan, R. (2025). Evaluation of the Achievement Development Program of Swimming Athletes of the Indonesian Aquatic Federation ( IAF ) Solok City. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(3), 26–33. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10373
Sari, A. P., Bafirman, Rifki, M. S., Syafrianto, D., & Kurniawan, R. (2023). The impact of maumere gymnastics on blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients: A promising non-pharmacological intervention. Journal Sport Area, 8(3), 328–339. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2023.vol8(3).11727
Sari, A. P., Kurniawan, R., Indika, P. M., Wulan, T. S., Syafrianto, D., & Sari, D. N. (2023). Exploring the impact of aerobic gymnastics on reducing blood: with hypertension medications vs without hypertension medications. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(12), 3253–3263. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2023.12372
Selviani, I., Sari, A. P., Okilanda, A., Kurniawan, R., & Ismaningsih, I. (2023). Pemberian Thumb Exercise Sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Nyeri Pada Kondisi De Qeurvain Syndrome. Wahana Dedikasi: Jurnal PkM Ilmu Kependidikan, 6(2), 468–474. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31851/dedikasi.v3i2.5330
Selviani, I., Welis, W., Syafrianto, D., Okilanda, A., Sari, A. P., Resmana, R., Kurniawan, R., & Crisari, S. (2024). Effectiveness of Use of Kinesiotapping in the Condition of Pain Plantar Fasciitis. Community Practitioner, 21(2), 170–175. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10731288
Tada, H., Nomura, A., Nohara, A., Usui, S., Sakata, K., Hayashi, K., Fujino, N., Takamura, M., & Kawashiri, M. (2023). Attainment of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol treatment target and prognosis of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis, 371, 61–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.03.005
Windiastoni, Y. H., & Haritsah, N. F. (2019). Pengaruh High Intensity Interval Training Terhadap Cardiorespiratory Pada Remaja. Interest : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 8(2), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.37341/interest.v8i2.172
Xu, C. (2021). The Elabela in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and preeclampsia: an update. Journal of Hypertension, 39(1), 12–22.
Yosnengsih, Purwanto, B., Devi, A. I., Ilmi, S. B. Z., Karimullah, A., Syamsudin, F., Ayubi, N., Callixte, C., Indika, P. M., & Herawati, L. (2023). Single Bout High Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) Prevents Adiponectin Reduction in Sedentary Overweight Women. Sport Mont, 21(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.230201
Published
2026-09-30
How to Cite
Kurniawan, R., Djakaria, R. M., Purnama, M. S., Hariadi, H., Nusri, A., Indika, P. M., Effendi, R., Putra, A. R., Usman, K., & Alsayed, M. (2026). Acute Effect Of High-Intensity Intermitten Exercise (Hiie) On Cholesterol Levels And Hypertension In Individuals With A Sedentary Lifestyle. STAMINA, 9(3), 272-284. https://doi.org/10.24036/jst.v9i3.1374
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Copyright (c) 2026 Randi Kurniawan, Rizki Marta Djakaria, Muhammad Satria Purnama, Hariadi Hariadi, Ardi Nusri, Pudia M Indika, Rully Effendi, Andra Rizky Putra, Khairul Usman, Mahmoud Alsayed
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
