The Relationship Between Physical Activity, Sleep Quality, And Physical Fitness Among Ssb Persisac Athletes
Abstract
Physical fitness is a key component of athletic performance, particularly among soccer players who require endurance, recovery, and optimal physical condition. Previous research has reported inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between physical activity, sleep quality, and physical fitness. Some studies have found significant associations, while others have reported non-significant results. Furthermore, evidence focusing on adolescent soccer players in local soccer schools remains limited, particularly in the Indonesian context. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity, sleep quality, and physical fitness, as well as changes in these variables over a two-week observation period among athletes at SSB Persisac Semarang. This study employed a quantitative correlational design with pre-test and post-test measurements involving 25 athletes selected through purposive sampling. Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and physical fitness was evaluated using the Nusantara Student Fitness Test (TKPN). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Spearman’s rank correlation, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Spearman’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between variables, while the Wilcoxon test was used to compare pre-test and post-test measurements. The results showed that physical activity had a weak positive correlation with physical fitness (r = 0.176; p = 0.399), while sleep quality had a weak negative correlation with physical fitness (r = −0.162; p = 0.439), with both relationships being statistically insignificant. The Wilcoxon test revealed significant changes in sleep quality (p = 0.006) and physical fitness (p = 0.001), while physical activity did not undergo a significant change (p = 0.145). These findings suggest that physical activity and sleep quality were not significantly associated with physical fitness among athletes at SSB Persisac Semarang; however, significant changes in sleep quality and physical fitness were observed during the two-week observation period
Downloads
References
Antara, H., Fisik, A., Hari, S., Tingkat, D., Jasmani, K., Kelas, S., Shalahuddin, S., Purwanto, Y., Winarno, M. E., Kesehatan, J., Rekreasi, D., Fakultas, /, & Keolahragaan, I. (2023). Hubungan Antara Aktivitas Fisik Sehari Hari Dengan Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani Siswa Kelas 7 SMP Shalahuddin. Jurnal Ilmiah Adiraga : Jurnal Penelitian Olahraga, 9(2), 01–16. https://doi.org/10.36456/ADIRAGA.V9I2.8128
Brand, S., Gerber, M., Beck, J., Hatzinger, M., Pühse, U., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2010). High Exercise Levels Are Related to Favorable Sleep Patterns and Psychological Functioning in Adolescents: A Comparison of Athletes and Controls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(2), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.06.018
Carbonell-Escalas, D., Vidal-Conti, J., & Galmes-Panades, A. M. (2025). Association between sleep quality and duration and physical fitness among children and adolescents. A systematic review of cross-sectional studies. Sportis. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity, 11(4), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.17979/SPORTIS.2025.11.4.11951
Charest, J., & Grandner, M. A. (2020). Sleep and Athletic Performance: Impacts on Physical Performance, Mental Performance, Injury Risk and Recovery, and Mental Health. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 15(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSMC.2019.11.005
Clemente, F. M., Afonso, J., Costa, J., Oliveira, R., Pino-Ortega, J., & Rico-González, M. (2021). Relationships between Sleep, Athletic and Match Performance, Training Load, and Injuries: A Systematic Review of Soccer Players. Healthcare, 9(7), 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/HEALTHCARE9070808
Dewi, N. K. A. B. L., Thanaya, S. A. P., Putra, I. P. Y. P., & Kinandana, G. P. (2024). Relationship between physical activity, stress levels, and sleep quality in adolescents. Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia, 5(2), 128–132. https://doi.org/10.51559/PTJI.V5I2.205
Fullagar, H. H. K., Skorski, S., Duffield, R., Hammes, D., Coutts, A. J., & Meyer, T. (2015). Sleep and Athletic Performance: The Effects of Sleep Loss on Exercise Performance, and Physiological and Cognitive Responses to Exercise. Sports Medicine, 45(2), 161–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40279-014-0260-0/METRICS
Hong, J., Liu, Y., Guo, Y., Li, Y. Q., Zhang, F., Sun, P., Hu, Y., Liu, H., & Yin, X. (2025). The joint association between sleep quality, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and working memory in Chinese adolescents. BMC Public Health 2025 25:1, 25(1), 2453-. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12889-025-23567-6
O, K. S., & O, K. S. (2018). Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dengan Performa Atlet Sepak Bola.
Silva, A. F., Oliveira, R., Akyildiz, Z., Yıldız, M., Ocak, Y., Günay, M., Sarmento, H., Marques, A., Badicu, G., & Clemente, F. M. (2022). Sleep Quality and Training Intensity in Soccer Players: Exploring Weekly Variations and Relationships. Applied Sciences 2022, Vol. 12, Page 2791, 12(6), 2791. https://doi.org/10.3390/APP12062791
Suppiah, H. T., Low, C. Y., Chia, M., Suppiah, H. T., Low, C. Y., & Chia, M. (2016). Effects of Sport-Specific Training Intensity on Sleep Patterns and Psychomotor Performance in Adolescent Athletes. Pediatric Exercise Science, 28(4), 588–595. https://doi.org/10.1123/PES.2015-0205
Utomo, S., Komarudin, Cakrawati, D. K., Sadewa, Y. R., & Mulyadi, R. W. M. (2025). Hubungan aktivitas fisik dan kualitas tidur dengan kebugaran jasmani peserta didik sekolah menengah atas. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 21(2), 150–162. https://doi.org/10.21831/JPJI.V21I2.86871
Wulandari, W., & Jariono, G. (2022). Upaya Meningkatkan Kebugaran Jasmani Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw. Jurnal Porkes, 5(1), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.29408/PORKES.V5I1.5493
Yang, D. F., Shen, Y. L., Wu, C., Huang, Y. S., Lee, P. Y., Er, N. X., Huang, W. C., & Tung, Y. T. (2019). Sleep deprivation reduces the recovery of muscle injury induced by high-intensity exercise in a mouse model. Life Sciences, 235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116835
Copyright (c) 2026 wiwit wiwit bintang permatasari, Maftukhin Hudah, Bertika Kusuma Prastiwi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
